Analysis of the development trend and severity of the COVID-19 panidemic in the global world / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the recent severity of COVID-19 in various countries.@*METHODS@#Data were ollected on the epidemic situation of COVID-19 in various countries as of January 16, 2021, and the scale and overall trend of the epidemic were retrospectively described; combined with the recent trend of newly confirmed cases, from January 10 to 16 (the 54th week) and the newly confirmed cases indexes, such as the number and incidence density the severity of the epidemic was classified. Feasible suggestions were put forward based on the variation of the virus, actual data of vaccine research and development and possible existence in many countries.@*RESULTS@#Up to January 16, 2021, there were 92 510 419 confirmed cases worldwide; 4 849 301 new confirmed cases were confirmed in the 54th week, and they were still growing. Among all the continents, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Europe, North America, and Asia has exceeded 21 million, and the number of new confirmed cases in a single week in North America, South America and Asia were all increasing. Among the countries, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in 18 countries including the United States, India, and Brazil was more than 1 million, accounting for 77.04% of the total number of cumulative confirmed cases in the world. Eleven countries including the United States, Brazil, France, Spain, Colombia, The United Kingdom, Russia, Germany, South Africa, Italy, and India are at higher risk of the epidemic; The United States, Brazil, France, Spain, and Colombia were still experiencing new confirmed cases and increasing status, the risk of the epidemic was greater. Novel coronavirus mutates frequently, up to February 2021, there had been 3 931 mutant genotypes in the world. At the same time, a total of 11 vaccines were successfully launched, however we were still facing some troubles, such as the global shortage of vaccines, the public's willingness to vaccinate needed to be improved, and equity in the distribution of vaccines.@*CONCLUSION@#The global epidemic situation is still getting worse, with repeated epidemics in all the continents and countries, and has not been fundamentally controlled. At the continent level, North America, South America, and Europe have the most severe epidemics; at the national level, The United States, Brazil, France, Spain, Colombia and other countries have higher epidemic risks. Focusing on the severely affected countries will help bring the global epidemic under control as soon as possible. Under the premise of ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the vaccines, it is a key and feasible direction to improve the yield and vaccination rate of the vaccines, shorten the onset time of the vaccines and prolong the immune persistence.

Protective Effect of Alkaloid A from Acanthi Ilicifolii Herba seu Radix on Drug-induced Liver Injury in Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of alkaloid A from Acanthi Ilicifolii Herba seu Radix(AAIA) on liver injury model caused by acetaminophen. Method:Mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group, positive drug group (bifendate, 150 mg·kg-1) and high, medium and low-dose AAIA groups (200, 100, 50 mg·kg-1), with 10 in each group. They were given drugs by gavage for 10 days, and fasted for 8 hours after the last administration. Except the normal group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 275 mg·kg-1 acetaminophen to induce acute liver injury model in mice. Six hours later, blood was taken from the eyeball. The body, liver, spleen, kidney and thymus were weighed, and then the corresponding organ indexes were calculated. The kits were used to detect the contents of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum. The contents of nitric oxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in liver homogenate were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated extracellular regulatory protein kinase (p-ERK1/2) were determined by Western blot. Result:Compared with the normal group, the liver index, serum AST and ALT levels, the production of NO and iNOS in liver homogenate, the expression of p-ERK1/2 protein in liver of the model group increased significantly (PPConclusion:AAIA may protect mice from drug-induced liver injury by reducing AST and ALT levels, down-regulating the expressions of NO and iNOS, and reducing the expression of protein p-ERK1/2.

Association between inhalable particulate matter and mortality in China: a meta-analysis / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Synthesize the relevant research and then discuss the influence of inhalable particulate matter (PM(10)) on mortality by exposure-response analysis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The eligible research papers which studied the association between PM(10) and overall mortality of residents, the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the mortality of respiratory diseases; and 21 pieces of the papers were adopted in this study. The papers were analyzed by Stata 9.0 software, and the exposure-response coefficient of PM(10) and mortality were extracted. The effect size was amalgamated by fixed or random effects, and the sensitivity analysis and publication bias of the results were detected and adjusted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Each 10 µg/m(3) increase of PM(10) was associated with estimated relative risk (RR) of daily all-course mortality, the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the mortality of respiratory diseases at 1.0033 (95%CI: 1.0022 - 1.0044), 1.0045 (95%CI: 1.0029 - 1.0062) and 1.0056 (95%CI: 1.0033 - 1.0079), respectively. After the publication bias was adjusted, the RR of daily all-cause, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases mortality was reduced to 1.0012 (95%CI: 1.0002 - 1.0022), 1.0011 (95%CI: 0.9996 - 1.0026) and 1.0023 (95%CI: 1.0001 - 1.0045).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increase of the concentration of PM(10) led to the increase of the daily all-course mortality, the mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and the mortality of respiratory diseases.</p>

Characteristics of patients and their medical cost on 14 398 hospitalized patients suffered form hepatitis B,from a hospital of infectious diseases located in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective This article was to focus on the study of patient's profile,type and distribution of the disease and the related factors contributing to medical cost on 14398 cases of hospitalized patients with hepatitis B from a hospital of infectious diseases located in Beijing,in order to provide basic information on optimizing the prevention and treatment strategies.Methods Information on hospital admission of patients、with hepatitis B was collected and SPSS 16.0 statistics software package was used to analyze the profile,disease patterns distribution,structure of medical costs and main contributors related to medical costs.Results Through analysis,we found that the proportion of male patients was much bigger than that of female patients,with ratio as 2.9.The average age of patients with hepatitis B was 45.2 years old.The treatment process was time consuming,and the mortality rate was hiigh.Our data showed that the mortality of hospitalized patients was up to 7%and the average age of death was 55 years old.Hepatitis B infection was easy to develop into chronic,cirrhosis and even liver cancer,Fortreatment cost,the largest cost share was the drugs being used which accounted for 62.4%.In terms of health care costs,it was high and the total cost of hospitalization was related to the following factors:days of hospitalization;complexity of the disease condition and the factors as the severity of the disease complications as surgery,frequencies of rescue,type of disease etc;basic information of the patients as age,occupation,origin.Conclusion Compared with other diseases,the proportion of male patients with hepatitis B was much higher than that of the famale.Hepatitis B had a longer duration and difficult,treatment high cost of medical care,poor prognosis,high mortality rate;Cost control,Call not simply fixcd by single disease,but by complexity of the disease and patient characteristics.

HLA-DQ, DR allele polymorphism of type 1 diabetes in the Chinese population: a meta-analysis / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a multifactorial disease. This article aims to evaluate the relationship between allele polymorphism of HLA-DQ, DR and T1D in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The odds ratios (ORs) of HLA-DQ, DR allele distributions in patients with T1D were analyzed against healthy controls. All the relevant studies in Pubmed and CNKI were identified, and poor qualified studies were excluded. The meta-analysis software REVMAN 4.2 was applied for investigating heterogeneity among individual studies and for summarizing all the studies. The publication bias were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DQA1*0301, DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201, DQB1*0302 were the susceptible alleles (all P < 0.05) in the Chinese population, their merger ORs 2.40, 3.15, 3.66, and 2.67 respectively. DQA1*0103, DQA1*0201, DQA1*0401, DQB1*0301, DQB1*0402, DQB1*0501, DQB1*0503, DQB1*0601 and DQB1*0602 were the protective alleles (P < 0.05), their merger ORs were 0.11, 0.45, 0.30, 0.38, 0.23, 0.37, 0.25, 0.48, and 0.30 respectively. In serum level, DR3, DR4, DR9 alleles were the susceptible alleles (all P < 0.05) and their merger ORs were 5.58, 1.53, 1.66, 29.78, and 6.65 respectively. HLA-DR2, DR5, and DR7 alleles were the protective alleles (all P < 0.05) and their merger ORs were 0.39, 0.51, and 0.50. In genetic type level, DRB1*04, DRB1*0301, DRB1*0901 were the susceptible alleles (all P < 0.05) and their merger ORs were 2.19, 6.43, 1.31, 3.83, and 8.08. DRB1*07, DRB1*08, DRB1*12, DRB1*13, DRB1*14, DRB1*16, DRB1*0406 alleles were the protective alleles (all P < 0.05) and their merger ORs were 0.44, 0.27, 0.45, 0.13, 0.19, 0.40, and 0.27 respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the Chinese population, some HLA-DQ, DR alleles are relevant to T1D which are not totally the same as non-Chinese populations.</p>

Cutis verticis gyrata / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the recognition and treatment of Chinese cutis verticis gyrata.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the review of the etiopathology, clinical features, diagnosis, classification and treatment of the disease in the literatures, six patients with the cutis verticis gyrata were treated with the skin graft or the expanded scalp flap.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operative effects were satisfactory during 6 months to 5 years of the follow-ups. No recurrence was found in all cases. Two patients treated with skin graft had lead to baldness, four patients treated with the expanded scalp flap had been good appearance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The method of the expanded scalp flap is good and effective treatment for the cutis verticis gyrate.</p>

Statistical test on multivariate in therapeutical equivalence analysis / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the way for testing of multivariate in therapeutical equivalence.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>By improved Hotelling T(2) test, the mean vector of two groups was tested. The information of each variable could then be obtained by deducting the their correlations. "Clinical Equivalence of Drug A and Drug B for Postmenopausal Bone Looseness" was used in this research. The primary measure of efficacy was regarded as the improvement rate of four variables with predefined limit of equivalence (2%) with the results of univariate test and multivariate test compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under P > alpha, all the variables were nonequivalent. Under P </= alpha, it was necessary to filtrate the variables of unequivalent until the residuals were equivalent. The method of multivariate test was a remedy to the shortage of univariate test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With the combination of the filtration of nonequivalent variables and the improved Hotelling T(2) test, the test of multivariate could be done. The method is reasonable and practical.</p>

Clinical value of immunohistochemistry in diagnosis and treatment of endometrial stromal sarcoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical value of immunohistochemistry in endometrial stromal tumors.Methods Immunohistochemical technique(Envision method)was applied to de- tect the expression of CD_(10),SM-MHC,h-caldesmon,AE1/3,CD_(99),Ki-67,CD_(34),c-kit,ER and PR in 15 cases of endomertrial stromal sarcoma and 3 metastases.The clinical pathological data,including the histological characteristics,histochemical and immunohistochemical staining features,complication,differential diagnosis and prognosis of endometrial stromal tumours were analyzed.Results Among the 18 cases of endometrial stromal tumor,17 cases had shown positive for CD_(10),including 13 cases diffuse positive and 4 muitifocal,7 cases with smooth muscle differentiation,3 cases with epithelial differentiation,7 cases with sex-cord differ- entiation.13 cases of ER and 16 cases of PR were positive expression in endometrial stromal sarcoma.Ki-67 in range 36 %～78 %.Conclusion Endometrial stromal tumour can display multi-differentiation.They show various pathomorphological features,Smooth muscle and sex-coed differentiation,the most common types. CD_(10) can be expressed consistently in endometrial stromal tumors.CD_(10) with h-caldesmon and SM-MHC can be used to make differential diagnosis between the endometrial stromal tumors and cellular leiomy0ma.ER and PR should be routinely estimated and be a prognostic predictor for endometrial stromal sarcoma.

An Emerging Method for Characterizing Microbial Ecology-T-Rflp Technique / 微生物学通报

Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP) is a resent molecular approach that can assess subtle genetic differences between strains as well as provide insight into the structure and function of microbial communities. This method overcomes the confinement of conventional culture-dependent methods and has both high sensitivity and throughput making it ideal for comparative analyses. Though there is still no application in our country, more and more investigators are highlighting it. In this article, the fundamental principle of this technique is introduced. The recent application and the development of this technique are also summed up .